Ethereum para obter finalidade instantânea? O roteiro de Vitalik Buterin pretende silenciar os críticos

escalabilidade e segurança. 🔒

Problemas de escalabilidade

O novo roteiro, publicado em 28 de março, revela as etapas planejadas para melhorar a escalabilidade do Ethereum. 🚀

A baixa escalabilidade da plataforma tem sido uma grande preocupação desde 2017, com várias grandes congestões causando defasagens de desempenho. 🚫

O exemplo mais proeminente é a desaceleração da rede causada pelo jogo CryptoKitties em dezembro de 2017. 🤯

As preocupações de escalabilidade foram discutidas em 2017 e, em 2025, o Ethereum ainda está lutando para resolver esse problema, o que é muito crítico, dado que o Ethereum serve como espinha dorsal para a maioria dos mercados de NFT e Stablecoin e várias outras plataformas descentralizadas e tokens construídos sobre ela. 🤔

A equipe do Ethereum vem trabalhando em uma solução desde então, e a transição de 2022 do mecanismo de consenso de prova de trabalho para a prova de participação foi uma das etapas cruciais nessa direção. 💪

Além de abordar os problemas de escalabilidade, o novo roteiro visa aumentar a segurança da rede. 🔒

Digerindo o novo roteiro

Buterin descreveu três direções no desenvolvimento futuro do Ethereum:

• Increasing the number of blobs up to 72 by 2026
• Reaching instant secure finality via 2-of-3 hybrid-proof architecture
• Improving aggregation levels

This list may seem difficult to understand for people unfamiliar with Ethereum’s architecture, so we’ll break it down. 🤓

The improvements will involve the increase of active roll-ups and blobs. Roll-ups are smart contracts that settle transactions off-chain and relay the data back to the mainnet, thus elevating the network’s speed and decreasing transaction costs. 💨

There are three different layers of roll-ups: optimism (OP), zero-knowledge (ZK), and trusted execution environments (TEE). 🤔

Ethereum aims to scale through sharding, a split of the network into smaller manageable sections. Blobs are the Proto-Danksharding objects used to structure data. Increasing the number of blobs improves the work of rollups. 💡

According to Buterin, by the end of the year, the network upgraded to the Pectra version (an upgrade is scheduled for May 2025) will use six blobs, while the Fusaka version of the network may use up to 72 blobs. 📈

The base direction of the new roadmap is deploying a hybrid-proof architecture that will increase the speed and soundness of the Ethereum network. 🔒

To avoid dependency on a single type of proof, Ethereum will use a hybrid model in which transactions may be finalized immediately if their state roots are approved both via ZK and TEE rollups. 💻

If ZK or TEE doesn’t approve a transaction, it gets approved with the help of the OP rollups, but it will take much longer. ⏱️

According to Buterin’s description, such cases won’t be normal. Most of the transactions will be finalized instantly while being approved by two independent roll-ups, one of which (ZK) is fully trustless. 🤝

Buterin concludes:

This gets us to a pragmatic higher level of fast finality and security while getting us to the key stage 2 milestone of full trustlessness in the case where proof systems (OP and ZK) work correctly. It will reduce round-trip times for market makers to 1 hour or even much lower, allowing fees for intent-based cross-L2 bridging to be very low.

In the final part of the roadmap, Buterin stressed that the dev team should work harder on standardized proof aggregation layers scaled to the entire Ethereum ecosystem. 💻

ZK-based proof systems should use single aggregate proofs to reduce gas expenses. Vitalk named Layer2 applications and zkemail-like wallet recoveries “the most natural initial use cases” for that.

The roadmap received mixed feedback, as some in the Ethereum community didn’t like its focus on Layer2. Will the proposed changes save Ethereum from tumbling down? Time will tell. 🤔